Older adults hearing screening strategies: a bibliometric review / Revisão bibliométrica: estratégias de triagem auditiva de idosos

ABSTRACT Purpose: to analyze the profile of publications on methods and instruments used to screen older adults hearing. Methods: the scientific production on older adults hearing screening methods, searching for articles published between 2016 and 2022. Data were collected from PubMed, Scopus, LILACS, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases and the articles were categorized according to their year, study type, authors, and screening instrument. Data were also analyzed to suggest potential aspects to be addressed in future research in the area. Literature Review: altogether, 26 articles were found based on the eligibility criteria. Publications peaked in 2016, followed by 2020. Articles published in the United States predominated (18%), and HHIE-S (hearing handicap inventory for the elderly screening version) was the most used instrument; 90% of the publications were in English, and the most recurrent study type was cross-sectional, followed by instrument validation studies. Conclusion: the review points out the scarcity of scientific production on older adults hearing screening in both national and international research. The studies approached different populations, screening methods, hearing loss definitions, health systems, and public policies in the countries where they were conducted. Better methodologies must be implemented for future research in the area.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar o perfil das publicações a respeito dos métodos e instrumentos utilizados para realizar triagem auditiva em idosos. Métodos: esta pesquisa revisou a produção científica sobre métodos de triagem auditiva no idoso. A busca deu-se com artigos publicados entre 2016 e 2022. Os dados foram coletados nas bases de dados: PubMed, Scopus, LILACS, Web of Science e Google Scholar. Os artigos foram categorizados quanto ao ano, tipo de artigo, autores e instrumento de triagem. Além disto, os dados foram analisados com sugestões de aspectos potenciais a serem considerados para futuras pesquisas na área. Revisão da Literatura: foram encontrados 26 artigos com base nos critérios de elegibilidade. O pico de publicações referente ao estudo ocorreu no ano de 2016, seguido por 2020. Predominaram os estudos publicados no Estados Unidos (18%), o instrumento mais utilizado foi o HHIE-S, 90% das publicações estão na língua inglesa, e o tipo de estudo mais realizado é a pesquisa transversal, seguida dos Estudos de validação dos instrumentos. Conclusão: o estudo mostra a escassez de produção científica sobre triagem auditiva do idoso nas pesquisas nacionais e internacionais. Foram observadas variações da população e dos métodos de triagem, diferenças nas definições de perda auditiva entre os estudos elegíveis e diferenças nos sistemas de saúde e políticas públicas dos países em que esses estudos foram realizados. É necessária melhor implementação metodológica em futuras pesquisas na área.

Fatores relacionados ao acolhimento com classificação de risco a idosos em unidades de pronto atendimento / Factors related to supportive reception with risk classification of the elderly in emergency facilities / Factores relacionados con la acogida de ancianos con clasificación de riesgo en unidades de atención de emergencia

Objetivo: analisar o acolhimento com classificação de risco a idosos em unidades de pronto atendimento em um munícipio de médio porte do Sul do país. Método: Estudo transversal e exploratório de abordagem quantitativa. Os dados foram obtidos em prontuários de idosos atendidos em duas unidades de pronto atendimento. A coleta de dados ocorreu no período de janeiro a março de 2016. Foi realizada análise descritiva dos dados utilizando o programa R e o teste Qui-quadrado. Resultados: Foram identificados 2.927 idosos atendidos nesses serviços, a maioria mulheres (55,7%), entre 60 e 69 anos (48,7%), o dia da semana com maior número de atendimento foram as segundas-feiras (18,0%), com destaque para a classificação verde (81,6%). Conclusão: Evidenciou-se alta procura de idosos jovens, sobretudo por condições sensíveis à atenção primária à saúde.

Objective: to examine supportive reception with risk classification for the elderly in emergency facilities in a medium-sized municipality in southern Brazil. Method: in this exploratory, cross-sectional, quantitative study, data were collected, from January to March 2016, from medical records of older adults treated at two emergency facilities. Descriptive analysis of the data used the R program and the Chi-square test. Results: 2,927 elderly people were treated at these services, most of them women (55.7%), between 60 and 69 years old (48.7%), most often on Mondays (18.0%), and classified green (81.6%). Conclusion: high demand was found from younger elderly, mainly for conditions amenable to primary health care.

Objetivo: analizar la acogida de ancianos, con clasificación de riesgo, en unidades de atención de emergencia de un municipio mediano del sur del país. Método: estudio transversal y exploratorio con enfoque cuantitativo. Los datos se obtuvieron de los registros médicos de los ancianos atendidos en dos unidades de atención de emergencia. La recolección de datos tuvo lugar de enero a marzo de 2016. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de los datos utilizando el programa R y la prueba de Chi-cuadrado. Resultados: se identificó que 2.927 ancianos fueron asistidos en estos servicios, la mayoría mujeres (55,7%), entre 60 y 69 años (48,7%), los días de la semana con la mayor cantidad de atención fueron los lunes (18,0%), con énfasis en la clasificación verde (81,6%). Conclusión: se evidenció una gran demanda en cuanto a ancianos más jóvenes, principalmente debido a condiciones sensibles a la atención primaria de salud.

Performance of the Pandemic Medical Early Warning Score (PMEWS), Simple Triage Scoring System (STSS) and Confusion, Uremia, Respiratory rate, Blood pressure and age ≥ 65 (CURB-65) score among patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in an emergency department triage setting: a retrospective study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Healthcare institutions are confronted with large numbers of patient admissions during large-scale or long-term public health emergencies like pandemics. Appropriate and effective triage is needed for effective resource use. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of the Pandemic Medical Early Warning Score (PMEWS), Simple Triage Scoring System (STSS) and Confusion, Uremia, Respiratory rate, Blood pressure and age ≥ 65 years (CURB-65) score in an emergency department (ED) triage setting. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective study in the ED of a tertiary-care university hospital in Düzce, Turkey. METHODS: PMEWS, STSS and CURB-65 scores of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia were calculated. Thirty-day mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation (MV) need and outcomes were recorded. The predictive accuracy of the scores was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. RESULTS: One hundred patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were included. The 30-day mortality was 6%. PMEWS, STSS and CURB-65 showed high performance for predicting 30-day mortality (area under the curve: 0.968, 0.962 and 0.942, respectively). Age > 65 years, respiratory rate > 20/minute, oxygen saturation (SpO2) < 90% and ED length of stay > 4 hours showed associations with 30-day mortality (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: CURB-65, STSS and PMEWS scores are useful for predicting mortality, ICU admission and MV need among patients diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia. Advanced age, increased respiratory rate, low SpO2 and prolonged ED length of stay may increase mortality. Further studies are needed for developing the triage scoring systems, to ensure effective long-term use of healthcare service capacity during pandemics.

Screening of family members of chronic kidney disease patients with Fabry disease mutations: a very important and underrated task / Triagem de familiares de pacientes com doença renal crônica com mutação na doença de Fabry: uma tarefa muito importante e subestimada

ABSTRACT Introduction: Fabry disease is a chronic, progressive, and multi-system hereditary condition, related to an Xq22 mutation in X chromosome, which results in deficiency of alpha-galactosidase enzyme, hence reduced capacity of globotriaosylceramide degradation. Objectives: to evaluate the prevalence of Fabry disease (FD) mutations, as well as its signs and symptoms, among relatives of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients diagnosed with FD during a previously conducted study, named "Clinical and epidemiological analysis of Fabry disease in dialysis centers in Brazil". Methods: a cross-sectional study was carried out, and data was collected by interviewing the relatives of patients enrolled in the Brazil Fabry Kidney Project and blood tests for both Gb3 dosage and genetic testing. Results: Among 1214 interviewed relatives, 115 (9.47%) were diagnosed with FD, with a predominance of women (66.10%). The most prevalent comorbidities were rheumatologic conditions and systemic hypertension (1.7% each), followed by heart, neurological, cerebrovascular diseases, and depression in 0.9% of individuals. Intolerance to physical exercise and tiredness were the most observed symptoms (1.7%), followed by periodic fever, intolerance to heat or cold, diffuse pain, burn sensation or numbness in hands and feet, reduced or absent sweating, as well as abdominal pain after meals in 0.9%. Conclusion: We found a prevalence of Fabry disease in 9.47% of relatives of CKD patients with this condition, remarkably with a 66.1% predominance of women, which contrasts with previous reports. The screening of family members of FD patients is important, since it can lead to early diagnosis and treatment, thus allowing better quality of life and improved clinical outcomes for these individuals.

RESUMO Introdução: A doença de Fabry é uma condição hereditária crônica, progressiva e multissistêmica, relacionada a uma mutação Xq22 no cromossomo X, que resulta em deficiência da enzima alfa-galactosidase, diminuindo a capacidade de degradação da globotriaosilceramida. Objetivos: avaliar a prevalência de mutações na doença de Fabry, bem como seus sinais e sintomas, em familiares de pacientes com doença renal crônica (DRC) diagnosticados com DF durante um estudo realizado anteriormente, denominado "Análise clínica e epidemiológica da doença de Fabry em centros de diálise no Brasil". Métodos: foi realizado um estudo transversal e os dados foram coletados através da entrevista com familiares de pacientes inscritos no Projeto Rim Fabry Brasil e exames de sangue para dosagem de Gb3 e testes genéticos. Resultados: Dos 1,214 familiares entrevistados, 115 (9,47%) foram diagnosticados com DF, com predomínio de mulheres (66,10%). As comorbidades mais prevalentes foram condições reumatológicas e hipertensão arterial sistêmica (1,7% cada), seguidas por doenças cardíacas, neurológicas, cerebrovasculares e depressão em 0,9% dos indivíduos. Intolerância ao exercício físico e cansaço foram os sintomas mais observados (1,7%), seguidos de febre periódica, intolerância ao calor ou ao frio, dor difusa, sensação de queimação ou dormência nas mãos e nos pés, sudorese reduzida ou ausente, além de dor abdominal após refeições em 0,9%. Conclusão: Encontramos uma prevalência da doença de Fabry em 9,47% dos familiares de pacientes com DRC com essa condição, notadamente com uma predominância de 66,1% de mulheres, o que contrasta com relatos anteriores. A triagem de familiares de pacientes com DF é importante, pois pode levar ao diagnóstico e tratamento precoces, permitindo melhor qualidade de vida e melhores resultados clínicos para esses indivíduos.

Análise do Índice de Vulnerabilidade Clínico-Funcional-20 dos idosos usuários do sistema único de saúde / Clinical-Functional Vulnerability Index-20 analysis of older people using the Brazilian Public Health System

Objetivo: Aplicar a versão do profissional de saúde do Índice de Vulnerabilidade Clínico-Funcional-20 em uma população-alvo idosa. Métodos: Foi conduzido um estudo de caráter transversal, observacional e individuado, em idosos cadastrados no Ambulatório Cruz Preta, em Alfenas (MG), sendo aplicado o Índice de Vulnerabilidade Clínico-Funcional-20 na amostra selecionada. Para tanto, foram selecionados 66 idosos, e os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise multivariada. Resultados: Dentre os participantes, 29% apresentaram alto risco de vulnerabilidade, seguidos de 41% com risco moderado e 30% com baixo risco. Ao se considerar o ponto de corte para fragilidade, 70% da população de idosos classificou-se como frágil ou sob risco de fragilização. Houve correlação entre as características dos idosos com as variáveis do Índice de Vulnerabilidade Clínico-Funcional-20, que foram: redução da capacidade de exercer atividades de vida diária, declínio cognitivo, alteração de humor, dificuldade para caminhar e quedas. Conclusão: A população-alvo de idosos pode ser considerada frágil ou sob risco de fragilização, o que indica a necessidade de ampliação do atendimento geriátrico especializado estudado. Além disso, foi possível identificar os principais fatores que levam à fragilização da população idosa, o que permite delinear estratégias com o objetivo de prevenção da fragilidade e melhorar o atendimento da população fragilizada.

Objective: To apply the Medical Professional version of the Clinical-Functional Vulnerability Index-20 in the target population of older people. Methods: A cross-sectional, observational, and individual study was conducted with older patients enrolled in Ambulatório Cruz Preta, in the city of Alfenas (MG), and the Clinical-Functional Vulnerability Index-20 was applied to the selected sample. For this, 66 older people were selected and data were subjected to multivariate analysis. Results: Of the participants, 29% presented high risk of vulnerability, followed by 41% with moderate risk, and 30% with low risk. When considering the cut-off point for fragility, 70% of the elderly population were classified as frail or under risk of becoming frail. There was a correlation between the characteristics of the older people with Clinical-Functional Vulnerability Index-20 variables, which were: reduced ability to perform activities of daily life, cognitive decline, mood alteration, difficulty walking, and falls. Conclusion: the target population of older individuals may be considered frail or under risk of becoming frail, which indicates the need for expanded specialized geriatric care studied. In addition, it was possible to identify the main factors leading to older population frailty, which allows the development of strategies aimed at preventing frailty and improving care for the frail population.

Medición del subtriaje como indicador de calidad y seguridad en un servicio de urgencias / Undertriage as quality of care parameter in an emergency department

Background: Undertriage or the underestimation of the urgency of the condition of a person arriving in an emergency department (ED) represents a measure of quality care. Aim: To estimate the prevalence of undertriage in a high complexity hospital of Argentina; to describe characteristics and mortality of these patients. Material and Methods: All consultations admitted to the ED during 2014 were analyzed. Those assigned to a lower level of admission risk (classified as Emergency Severity Index -ESI- 3 to 5) but required hospitalization in intensive care units (ICU) as the first hospitalization place were considered as an undertriage. A random sample of correctly categorized admissions (ESI 1 or 2), who were subsequently hospitalized in the ICU, was selected as a comparison group. Results: The global undertriage prevalence was 0.30% (316/104,832). Among patients admitted to the ICU, the prevalence was 21% (316/1,461; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 19-24). The 316 patients whose severity was underestimated had a median age of 73 years, and admitted between 7 a.m. and 9 p.m. in a greater proportion. Overall hospital mortality was 8.9% (95% CI 6.78-11.38), and all deaths occurred after the patient was transferred from the emergency room. There were no differences in mortality between patients with correct triage or undertriage (11 and 7% respectively, p = 0.09). No differences were observed either in the total number of critical interventions during care in the first 24 hours. Significant differences were observed in requirements for mechanical ventilation (11 and 4% respectively, p = 0.01), orotracheal intubation (10 and 5% respectively p = 0.01) and non-invasive ventilation (8 and 4% respectively, p = 0.05). Conclusions: Undertriage rate in this series was low, but it can be improved.

El sistema de atención en el Servicio de Emergencias Médicas de un hospital / The attention system in a hospital's Emergency Medical Service

Introducción: El sistema de emergencia hospitalaria es el umbral indispensable para ingresar al sistema de atención. Con la tamización de las consultas se puede dar agilidad, eficiencia y coordinación certera en el diagnóstico y tratamiento, aportando un tránsito dinámico para mantener el equilibrio entre la atención médica y la optimización de recursos, con la utilización de indicadores de salud como herramienta básica para valorar y mejorar el trabajo. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional, longitudinal y retrospectivo, llevado a cabo en el Hospital Sirio Libanés de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, con pacientes incorporados en el año 2018. Se utilizaron herramientas de análisis tales como proporciones, media aritmética simple, de grupo y desviación estándar de datos agrupados. Resultados: Se registraron 31 700 consultas, el 77.24% de las cuales (24 485) pertenece al Instituto Nacional de Servicio Social para Jubilados y Pensionados, y el 22.76% (7215) a otras obras sociales. Los meses de mayor atención fueron: agosto (n = 2372), septiembre (n = 2318) y octubre (n = 2278). El triage tamizó por afección, asignando prioridad, optimizado tiempo y recursos; se internaron 3999 pacientes (13%), los cuales se asignaron a los siguientes rangos etarios: menores de 20 años (n = 25), 20 a 39 años (n = 241), 40 a 59 años (n = 351), 60 a 79 años (n =170), más de 80 años (n = 1812). Edad promedio: 69 años, y 75 años para datos agrupados por intervalo; desviación estándar: 17. Once camas disponibles; promedio diario de permanencia: 10.97. Porcentaje de ocupación: 99.54%; promedio de permanencia: 1.005. Giro de cama: 40.13. Tasa de mortalidad del Servicio de Emergencias: 2.57. Conclusión: El Servicio de Emergencia Médica tiene una tasa de ocupación del 9954%, que corresponde a un grupo etario de más de 60 años. Esto conlleva a tener un dinamismo eficaz que se ve reflejado en el giro de cama de 40.13.

The hospital emergency system is an essential threshold to enter the care system. Screening of consultations can provide agility, efficiency and accurate coordination in diagnosis and treatment, offering a dynamic transit to maintain the balance between medical care and resource optimization. Health indicators are used as a basic tool for assessing and improving work. Materials and methods: Observational, longitudinal, retrospective study carried out at the Syrian Lebanese Hospital of the City of Buenos Aires, with patients enrolled in 2018. Analytical tools such as proportions, simple arithmetic mean, group, and standard deviation of grouped data were used. Results: 31 700 consultations were recorded; 77.24%, 24 485 with the National Institute of Social Service for Retirees and Pensioners; 22.76% (7215) consultations with other social health plans. The months of greatest attention were: August (n = 2372), September (n = 2318) and October (n = 2278). The triage screened the patients for pathology, priority assigned, optimized time and resources; 3999 (13%) patients were hospitalized and assigned by age range: under 20 years (n = 25), 20 to 39 (n = 241), 40 to 59 (n = 351), 60 to 79 (n = 170), over 80 years (n = 1812); average age of 69 years, and 75 years for data grouped by interval. Standard deviation: 17. 11 beds available; average stay: 10.97 days. Percentage occupancy: 99.54%. Average stay: 1.005. Bed rotation: 40.13. Emergency service mortality rate: 2.57. Conclusion: The Medical Emergency Service has an occupancy rate of 99.54%, corresponding to an age group of over 60 years. This leads to an effective dynamism that is reflected in the bed rotation of 40.13.

VES-13 and WHOQOL-bref cutoff points to detect quality of life in older adults in primary health care

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To determine Vulnerable Elders Survey (VES-13) and WHOQOL-bref cutoff points to detect poor quality of life (QoL) in older individuals. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study, performed in all primary health care units in Samambaia, DF, Brazil. The data were collected from August 2016 to May 2017. The sample size of 466 older individuals treated in primary health care was obtained considering a 5% margin of error, 95% confidence level, 50% prevalence, and 20% possible losses, in a population of 13,259 older individuals. The subjects answered the VES-13 and WHOQOL-bref questionnaires. They were divided into 3 subgroups: poorQoL (older individuals with self-reported very poor or poor QoL AND very dissatisfied or dissatisfied with their health), goodQoL (very good or good QoL AND very satisfied or satisfied with Health) and indeterminateQoL (NOT belonging to poorQoL or goodQoL subgroups). A receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed with poorQoL (case) versus goodQoL (control) to determine the cutoff score in VES-13 and WHOQOL-bref. A diagnostic test using these cutoffs was carried out in all older individuals (n = 466). RESULTS: The VES-13 and WHOQOL-bref cutoff points to detect poorQoL were ≥ 2 and < 60, respectively. The area under ROC curve of VES-13 and WHOQOL-bref was 0.741 (CI95% 0.659-0.823; p < 0.001) and 0.934 (CI95% 0.881-0.987; p < 0.001), respectively. In diagnostic tests, VES-13 showed 84% sensitivity and 98.2% negative predictive value, and WHOQOL-bref, 88% sensitivity and 99% negative predictive value. CONCLUSIONS: VES-13 score ≥ 2 and WHOQOL-bref score < 60 adequately detected poorQoL in patients treated in primary health care. Our data suggest that older individuals with these scores require special treatment such as geriatrics collaborative care to improve this scenario, considering QoL impact on mortality.

Tiempos de atención de urgencias neurológicas en un hospital regional de alta complejidad / Waiting times for neurological emergencies in an emergency room

Background: Neurological emergencies constitute 10-15% of medical emergencies. Doctor Hernán Henríquez Aravena Hospital has in house neurologists present permanently at the Emergency Room since July 2013. Aim: To estimate the waiting times for neurological consultations; to compare the waiting times between neurovascular (UV) and non-vascular (UNV) emergencies; and to compare the waiting times of two prioritization (triage) models. Material and Methods: A convenience sample of the consultations made during shift # 1 at the emergency room between January and December 2016, was analyzed. Results: There were 859 consultations in the period, 570 for UNV and 289 for UV. Mean age of consultants was 57 years and 52% were women. The median time for having an evaluation by a neurologist was 106 min (132 and 81 min for UNV and UV respectively). Twenty seven percent of patients were evaluated in less than one hour (23 and 36% of UNV and UV, respectively). The change of the prioritization model decreased the waiting time by 81 and 32 min for UNV and UV, respectively. Conclusions: There were significant differences in waiting times between neurovascular and non-vascular emergencies. Most patients were not evaluated in less than 60 minutes. The change in the initial stratification model was associated with a significant reduction in the waiting times for neurological emergencies.

Validation, reliability and operational equivalency of the nutritional screening method "Determine The Nutritional Health Of The Elderly" / Validação, confiabilidade e equivalência operacional do método de triagem nutricional "Verifique a condição nutricional do idoso"

Objective: To analyze the reliability, validity and operational equivalence of the nutritional screening method "Assessing The Nutritional Condition Of The Elderly". Method: This study was conducted with a subsample of 174 elderly persons from the Health, Welfare and Aging (SABE) study. The "Assessing The Nutritional Condition Of The Elderly" method consists of ten questions which classify individuals according to nutritional risk. Anthropometric and nutritional indicators were adopted as gold standard measures for comparison with the values of the method. Reliability was verified using the McNemar and Bland Altman tests, the validity of the discriminant type was assessed by the Mann-Whitney test and operational equivalence was identified through data relating to the time required to apply the method and the degree of understanding of the same using the Likert scale (1 to 5). Results: Of the 174 elderly persons interviewed, 63.8% were women and 52.3% were in the 60-74 years age group. It was found that 43.1% and 33.3% of the subjects had moderate to high nutritional risk, respectively, with a higher prevalence of high nutritional risk among women (33.3%) and those aged 60-74 years (43.4%). The method analyzed showed satisfactory results for reliability and discriminant validity. The average time required to apply this method was approximately seven minutes and the overall mean grade of understanding was 4.8. Conclusion: The method studied can be used by health professionals in epidemiological and clinical studies to identify the presence of nutritional risk in elderly persons living at home.

Objetivo: Analisar a confiablidade, a validade e a equivalência operacional do método de triagem nutricional "Verifique a condição nutricional do idoso". Método: Este estudo foi realizado com subamostra de 174 idosos do Estudo Saúde, Bem-estar e Envelhecimento (SABE). O método "Verifique a condição nutricional do idoso", consiste de 10 perguntas, que classifica os indivíduos, segundo risco nutricional. Adotou-se a antropometria e indicadores nutricionais, como medidas padrão-ouro para comparação com os valores desse método. A confiabilidade foi verificada pelo teste de McNemar e gráficos de Bland Altman, a validade do tipo discriminante foi avaliada por meio do teste Mann-Whitney e a equivalência operacional do método foi identificada pelos dados referentes à duração de realização do método e pelo grau de entendimento do mesmo pela escala Likert (entre 1 e 5). Resultados: Dos 174 idosos entrevistados, 63,8% eram mulheres e 52,3% eram do grupo etário de 60 a 74 anos. Constatou-se que 43,1% e 33,3% dos indivíduos apresentavam risco nutricional moderado e alto, respectivamente, sendo maior a prevalência de risco nutricional alto nas mulheres (33,3%) e naqueles do grupo de 60 a 74 anos (43,4%). O método analisado apresentou resultados satisfatórios para confiabilidade e validade discriminante. A duração média de realização do método foi de aproximadamente sete minutos e nota média geral de entendimento foi de 4,8. Conclusão: O método estudado pode ser utilizado em estudos epidemiológicos e clínicos, por profissionais de saúde, para identificar a presença de risco nutricional em idosos domiciliados.

Associações entre discriminadores do Sistema de Triagem de Manchester e diagnósticos de enfermagem / Asociación entre el Sistema de Triage Manchester y el diagnóstico de enfermería / Association between Manchester Triage System discriminators and nursing diagnoses

Resumo OBJETIVO Analisar associações entre discriminadores do Sistema de Triagem de Manchester e Diagnósticos de Enfermagem em pacientes adultos, classificados com prioridade clínica I (emergência) e II (muito urgente). MÉTODO Estudo transversal realizado na unidade de emergência do sul do Brasil, entre abril e agosto de 2014. Amostra de 219 pacientes. Os dados foram coletados no prontuário online e analisados estatisticamente, com teste exato de Fisher ou qui-quadrado. RESULTADOS Encontrou-se 16 discriminadores e 14 diagnósticos de enfermagem. Houve associação entre sete discriminadores e cinco diagnósticos de enfermagem do tipo foco no problema, dentre Dor precordial ou cardíaca com o diagnóstico Dor aguda. Também houve associação entre três discriminadores com quatro diagnósticos de enfermagem de risco, dentre Déficit neurológico agudo com o diagnóstico Risco de perfusão tissular cerebral ineficaz. CONCLUSÃO Existem associações significativas entre discriminadores do Sistema de Triagem de Manchester e diagnósticos de enfermagem mais frequentemente estabelecidos na Unidade de Emergência.

Resumen OBJETIVO Analizar asociaciones entre los discernidores del Sistema Triaje de Manchester y los Diagnósticos de Enfermería en pacientes adultos con prioridad clínica I (emergencia) y II (muy urgente). MÉTODO Estudio transversal realizado en la unidad de emergencia del sur de Brasil, entre abril y agosto de 2014, con la muestra de 219 pacientes. La colecta de datos fue realizada en el prontuario online de los pacientes. El análisis estadístico fue realizado con el uso del Test Exacto de Fisher o chi-cuadrado. RESULTADOS Fue identificado el uso de 16 discernidores y 14 diagnósticos de enfermería. Hubo una asociación entre siete discernidores y cinco diagnósticos de enfermería del tipo foco en el problema, entre estos Dolor precordial o cardíaca y Dolor agudo. También hubo asociación entre tres discernidores y cuatro diagnósticos de enfermería de riesgo, entre estos Déficit neurológico agudo con el diagnóstico Riesgo de perfusión tisular cerebral ineficaz. CONCLUSIÓN Existen asociaciones significativas entre los discernidores del Sistema Triaje de Manchester y los diagnósticos de enfermería más frecuente establecidos en la Unidad de Emergencia.

Abstract OBJECTIVE To analyze the association between Manchester Triage System flowchart discriminators and nursing diagnoses in adult patients classified as clinical priority I (emergency) and II (very urgent). METHOD Cross-sectional study conducted in an emergency department in southern Brazil between April and August 2014. The sample included 219 patients. Data were collected from online patient medical records and data analysis was performed using Fisher's exact test or the chi-square test. RESULTS 16 discriminators and 14 nursing diagnoses were identified. Associations were found between seven discriminators and five problem-focused nursing diagnoses, including the discriminator Cardiac pain and the diagnosis Acute pain. Three discriminators were associated with four risk nursing diagnoses, among these Acute neurological deficit with the diagnosis Risk of ineffective cerebral tissue perfusion. CONCLUSION Significant associations were found between Manchester Triage System discriminators and the nursing diagnoses most frequently established in the emergency department.

Pain in emergency units: correlation with risk classification categories / Dor no serviço de emergência: correlação com as categorias da classificação de risco / Dolor en el servicio de emergencia: correlación con las categorías de clasificación de riesgo

ABSTRACT Objectives: to correlate risk classification categories with the level of pain of patients in an emergency service. Method: cross-sectional study carried out in the Risk Classification of 611 patients. The variables studied were: age, gender, comorbidities, complaint duration, medical specialty, signs and symptoms, outcome, color attributed in the risk classification of and degree of pain. We used Analysis of Variance, a Chi-Square test and a Likelihood Ratio test. Results: the average age was 42.1 years (17.8); 59.9% were women; the green (58.9%) and yellow (22.7%) risk classification prevailed and hypertension (18.3%) was the most common Comorbidity. The most frequent pain intensity was moderate (25.9%). In the red category, patients presented a higher percentage of absence of pain; in the blue, mild pain; and in the green, yellow and orange categories, there was a greater percentage of intense pain (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: among the patients who presented pain, the majority reported moderate intensity. Regarding risk categories, most patients in the red category did not report pain. Those who were classified as green, yellow and orange, reported mostly intense pain. On the other hand, patients in the blue category reported predominantly mild pain.

RESUMO Objetivos: correlacionar as categorias da classificação de risco com grau de dor dos pacientes em um serviço de emergência. Método: estudo transversal, realizado no Acolhimento com Classificação de Risco com 611 pacientes. As variáveis estudadas foram: idade, sexo, comorbidades, duração da queixa, especialidade médica, sinais e sintomas, desfecho, cor atribuída na classificação de risco e grau da dor. Utilizou-se a Análise de Variância, teste Qui-Quadrado e teste da Razão de Verossimilhança. Resultados: a média de idade foi 42,1 anos (17,8), 59,9% eram mulheres, com classificação de risco verde (58,9%) e amarela (22,7%), e comorbidade prevalente a hipertensão arterial (18,3%). Intensidade de dor mais frequente foi moderada (25,9%). Na categoria vermelha, pacientes apresentaram maior percentual de ausência de dor; na azul, dor leve; e nas categorias verde, amarela e laranja, maior percentual de dor intensa (p<0,0001). Conclusão: dos pacientes que apresentaram dor, a maioria referiu intensidade moderada. Em relação às categorias de risco, a maior parte dos pacientes da categoria vermelha não relatou dor; os que foram classificados como verde, amarela e laranja referiram, na maioria das vezes, dor intensa; já os pacientes da categoria azul mencionaram, predominantemente, dor leve.

RESUMEN Objetivos: correlacionar las categorías de clasificación de riesgo con grado de dolor de los pacientes en un servicio de emergencia. Método: estudio transversal, realizado en la Acogida con Clasificación de Riesgo con 611 pacientes. Las variables estudiadas fueron: edad, sexo, comorbilidades, duración de la queja, especialidad médica, signos y síntomas, resultado, color atribuída a la clasificación de riesgo y grado de dolor. Se utilizaron Análisis de Varianza, Prueba Chi cuadrado y la prueba de Razón de Verosimilitud. Resultados: la edad promedio fue de 42,1 años (17,8), 59.9% eran mujeres, con clasificación de riesgo verde (58,9%) y amarillo (22,7%) y comorbilidad prevalente a hipertensión arterial (18,3%). La intensidad de dolor más frecuente fue moderada (25.9%). En la categoría roja, los pacientes presentaron un mayor porcentaje de ausencia de dolor, en la azul, dolor suave, y en las categorías verde, amarillo y naranja, un porcentaje más alto de dolor severo (p < 0,0001). Conclusión: de los pacientes que presentaron dolor, la mayoría se refiere a intensidad moderada. En relación con las categorías de riesgo, la mayoría de los pacientes de la categoría roja no informó dolor. Quienes fueron clasificados como verde, amarillo y naranja, mencionaron, en su mayoría, dolor intenso. Los pacientes de la categoría azul, reportaron, predominante, dolor leve.

Barriers between community screening for visual problems and treatments in a tertiary center

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of mobile ophthalmic unit screenings and to investigate barriers between community care and resolution of the problem at a tertiary center. METHODS This prospective study evaluated a convenience sample from 10 municipalities in São Paulo State, Brazil. Patients were assessed in the municipality by a mobile ophthalmic unit and underwent a complete ophthalmic consultation. Patients were referred as warranted to a tertiary hospital. RESULTS The mobile ophthalmic unit screened 1,928 individuals and 714 (37%) were referred. The mean age of the referred patients was 57.12 (SD = 19.5) years with best corrected visual acuity of 0.37 (SD = 0.36) logMAR. Forty-seven (6.6%) patients were blind and 185 (26.5%) were visually impaired. Cataracts (44.7%) and pterygium (14.7%) accounted for most referrals. Of those referred, 67.1% presented to the tertiary center. The diagnosis by the mobile ophthalmic unit corresponded to the one by the tertiary center in 88.5% of the cases. There were a significantly higher number of blind and visually impaired persons among those who presented to the hospital. There was a significantly greater attendance among patients living in more distant municipalities from the reference center with a higher number of inhabitants and a greater number of ophthalmologists in the cities of origin (p < 0.05, all comparisons). Complete treatment was performed in 65.6% of patients, and loss to follow-up was the main cause of incomplete treatment in 50.7% of patients. A total of 313 cataract surgeries were performed, which reduced the number of blind patients from 20 to 2 and of visually impaired individuals from 87 to 2 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Only 37% of the patients assessed by a mobile ophthalmic unit required referral to a tertiary hospital. Among the referred patients, 67.1% presented to the hospital, and complete resolution after treatment was approximately 65.5%. There was a significant improvement in visual acuity and a reduction in the prevalence of blindness and visual impairment postoperatively.

Emergency Severity Index: accuracy in risk classification / Índice de Gravidade de Emergência: acurácia na classificação de risco

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify agreement between estimative of predicted resources using the adapted Emergency Severity Index and the real amount of resources used by patients. To analyze the variables number of years since graduation, years of work experience and years of experience in emergency services especially with accurate anticipation of resources need. Methods: This retrospective analytical study with a quantitative approach included 538 medical records of patients assisted by 11 triage nurses. Data collected were related to assistances carried out from December 2012 to February 2013. Results: There was no significant association between the adequacy of the number of resources used, based on Emergency Severity Index score, number of years since graduation, year of work experience or years of experience in emergency services. Kappa agreement coefficient (0.34) showed that agreement was low between predicted and real used number of resources. Conclusion: Nurses' accuracy index to predict resources for patients care from emergency room using the adapted Emergency Severity Index was lower than results reported in the studies in the literature that used the original scale. There was low agreement of diagnostic exams predicted by nurses and those really performed. There was no association among correct prediction of resources needed, number of years since graduation, years of experience in emergency services and years of work experience in the unit where the study was done.

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a concordância entre a estimativa de recursos previstos por meio do Índice de Gravidade de Emergência adaptada e aqueles utilizados pelos pacientes; e analisar as variáveis tempo de formado, experiência profissional e tempo de trabalho nos serviços de emergência com a assertividade da previsao de recursos. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo analítico com abordagem quantitativa. A amostra foi de 538 prontuários de pacientes atendidos por 11 enfermeiros responsáveis pela classificação de risco. A coleta de dados foi realizada em relaçao ao período de atendimento de dezembro de 2012 a fevereiro de 2013. Resultados: Não houve associação significativa da adequação do número de recursos utilizados, de acordo com a classificação do Índice de Gravidade de Emergência, com o tempo de formação, de experiência ou de trabalho nos serviços de emergência. O coeficiente de concordância Kappa (0,34) demonstrou que a concordância entre o número previsto e o utilizado foi baixa. Conclusão: Os índices de assertividade dos enfermeiros na previsão de recursos, no atendimento de pacientes na unidade de pronto atendimento, utilizando o Índice de Gravidade de Emergência adaptado, foram inferiores aos descritos na literatura com a escala original. Houve baixa concordância dos exames diagnósticos previstos pelos enfermeiros com os realizados. Não foi observada associação na previsão correta do número de recursos com o tempo de formação, tempo de experiência nos serviços de emergência e tempo de trabalho na unidade de estudo.

Associação entre sinais vitais e Sistema de Triagem de Manchester: estudo observacional retrospectivo / Association between vital signs and Manchester Triage System: a retrospective observational study / Asociación entre los signos vitales y el Sistema de Triaje de Manchester: estudio observacional retrospectivo

OBJETIVO: avaliar a associação entre os sinais vitais coletados na entrada do paciente ao departamento de emergência e os níveis de risco do Sistema de Triagem de Manchester (STM). MÉTODO: estudo observacional retrospectivo, cuja amostra foi de 154.714 pacientes. O fator de exposição foi os dados dos sinais vitais, e o desfecho primário o nível de risco do STM. Análises estatísticas, descritiva e inferencial, foram conduzidas. RESULTADOS: o dado vital mais avaliado foi a intensidade da dor, e a pressão arterial o menos avaliado. Alterações na frequência cardíaca para mais ou menos dos padrões fisiológicos aumentaram a prioridade clínica dos pacientes. DISCUSSÃO: quanto maior o nível de gravidade do STM, maior a variabilidade da média dos sinais vitais avaliados. CONCLUSÃO: pacientes mais graves tendem a apresentar maior variação nos sinais vitais na admissão ao departamento de emergência.

AIM: to evaluate the association between vital signs collected at the patient's entrance to the emergency department and the risk levels of the Manchester Triage System (MTS). METHOD: this is a retrospective observational study; whose sample was 154,714 patients. The exposure factor was the vital signs data, and the primary endpoint was the level of risk of MTS. Statistical, descriptive and inferential analyzes were conducted. RESULTS: the most evaluated vital data was pain intensity; blood pressure was the least evaluated. Changes in heart rate to more or less of physiological patterns have increased the clinical priority of patients. DISCUSSION: the higher the level of severity of MTS, the greater the variability of the mean of the vital signs evaluated. CONCLUSION: more severe patients tend to present greater variation in terms of vital signs on admission to the emergency department.

OBJETIVO: evaluar la asociación entre los signos vitales recolectados cuando el paciente entra al departamento de emergencia y los niveles de riesgo del Sistema de Triaje de Manchester (STM). MÉTODO: estudio observacional retrospectivo, con una muestra de 154.714 pacientes. El factor de exposición corresponde a los datos de los signos vitales y el desenlace primario al nivel de riesgo del STM. Se realizaron Análisis estadísticos, descriptivo e inferencial. RESULTADOS: el dato vital más evaluado fue la intensidad del dolor, y la presión arterial el menos evaluado. Alteraciones en la frecuencia cardíaca para más o menos de los estándares fisiológicos aumentaron la prioridad clínica de los pacientes. DISCUSIÓN: cuanto mayor el nivel de gravedad del STM, mayor la variabilidad de la media de los signos vitales evaluados. CONCLUSIÓN: pacientes más graves tienden a presentar mayor variación en los signos vitales cuando admitidos en el departamento de emergencia.

El sistema español de triaje en la evaluación de los neonatos en las urgencias pediátricas / The Spanish triage system in the evaluation of neonates in paediatric emergency departments

El triaje en el departamento de urgencias clasifica a los pacientes en niveles según prioridad en la atención. Los neonatos constituyen una población vulnerable y requieren una rápida evaluación. Objetivo: Correlacionar los niveles de prioridad en neonatos que consultan en el departamento de urgencias pediátricas con la hospitalización, consumo de recursos y tiempos de atención. Pacientes y Método: Estudio observacional, utilizando la base de datos del modelo andorrano de triaje (MAT-SET) con el software ePATV4 en las urgencias pediátricas. Se incluyó a neonatos clasificados en los 3 niveles de atención establecida: nivel i resucitación, nivel ii emergencia y nivel iii urgencia. Se analizó la correlación entre los niveles de prioridad, la hospitalización y el consumo de recursos. Además, se analizaron los tiempos de atención médica y estadía en urgencias. Resultados: Se incluyeron 1.103 neonatos. Se encontró que el mayor nivel de prioridad se correlacionó positivamente con la hospitalización (r = 0,66; p < 0,005) y con el consumo de recursos (r = 0,59; p < 0,005). Los tiempos de atención fueron 126 ± 203, 51 ± 119 y 33 ± 81 min para los niveles i, ii, y iii, respectivamente y los de estadía 150 ± 203, 80 ± 131 y 55 ± 86 min, respectivamente para dichos niveles (p < 0,05). Conclusiones: El mayor nivel de prioridad en la atención de los neonatos en la urgencia pediátrica se correlacionó positivamente con una mayor necesidad de hospitalización y consumo de recursos. Además, requirieron mayor tiempo de atención y estadía en la urgencia.

The triage system in the emergency department classifies patients according to priority levels of care. Neonates are a vulnerable population and require rapid assessment. Objective: To correlate the priority levels in newborns seen in the paediatric emergency department with admissions, resource consumption, and service times. Patients and Method: Observational study, using the Andorran triage model (MAT-SET) with ePATV4 software database, in paediatric emergencies. Neonates were classified into 3 levels of care established for them as level I resuscitation, level II emergency, and level iii urgent. The correlation between levels of priority and admission and resource consumption were analysed, as well as the time spent on medical care and stay in the emergency department. Results: The study included 1103 infants. The highest priority level was positively correlated with hospital admission (r = 0.66, P<.005) and resource consumption (r = 0.59, P < .005). The medical care times were 126 ± 203, 119 ± 51, and 33 ± 81 min for levels i, ii, and iii, respectively and the stay in emergency department was 150 ± 203, 131 ± 80, and 55 ± 86 min, respectively for these levels (P < .05). Conclusion: The higher level of priority in the care of neonates in the paediatric emergency department was positively correlated with increased need for hospital admission and resource consumption. They also required a longer time for medical care and stay in the emergency department.

Risk classification priorities in an emergency unit and outcomes of the service provided / Prioridades da classificação de risco em uma unidade de emergência e desfecho do atendimento / Prioridades de la clasificación de riesgo en una unidad de emergencia y resultado del atendimiento

ABSTRACT Objective: to check the association of the proposed priorities of the institutional protocol of risk classification with the outcomes and evaluate the profile of the care provided in an emergency unit. Method: observational epidemiological study based on data from the computerized files of a Reference Emergency Unit. Care provided to adults was evaluated regarding risk classification and outcomes (death, hospitalization and hospital discharge) based on the information recorded in the emergency bulletin. Results: the mean age of the 97,099 registered patients was 43.4 years; 81.5% cases were spontaneous demand; 41.2% had been classified as green, 15.3% yellow, 3.7% blue, 3% red and 36.and 9% had not received a classification; 90.2% of the patients had been discharged, 9.4% hospitalized and 0.4% had died. Among patients who were discharged, 14.7% had been classified as yellow or red, 13.6% green or blue, and 1.8% as blue or green. Conclusion: the protocol of risk classification showed good sensitivity to predict serious situations that can progress to death or hospitalization.

RESUMO Objetivo: associar as prioridades propostas do protocolo institucional de classificação de risco com desfechos de atendimento na unidade de emergência e avaliar o perfil do atendimento. Método: estudo observacional epidemiológico, baseado nos dados do arquivo informatizado de uma Unidade de Emergência Referenciada. Foram avaliados atendimentos de adultos quanto a classificação de risco e o desfecho (óbito, internação e alta hospitalar) por meio dos registros do boletim de atendimento de urgência. Resultados: a idade média dos 97099 atendimentos registrados foi de 43,4 anos, 81,5% foram procura espontânea, 41,2% classificados como verdes, 15,3% amarelo, 3,7% azul, 3% vermelhos e 36,9% não foram classificados, 90,2% receberam alta, 9,4% internaram e 0,4% evoluíram para óbito. Dos pacientes que receberam alta, 14,7% eram amarelo ou vermelho, dos internados 13,6% eram verde ou azul e dos óbitos 1,8% foram classificados como azul ou verde. Conclusão: o protocolo de classificação de risco demonstrou boa sensibilidade para prever situações graves que podem evoluir para óbito ou internação.

RESUMEN Objetivo: asociar las prioridades propuestas del protocolo institucional de clasificación de riesgo con resultados de atendimiento en la unidad de emergencia y evaluar el perfil del atendimiento. Método: estudio observacional epidemiológico, basado en los datos del archivo informatizado de una Unidad de Emergencia Referenciada. Fueron evaluados atendimientos de adultos como la clasificación de riesgo y el resultado (óbito, internación y alta hospitalaria) por medio de los registros del boletín de atendimiento de urgencia. Resultados: la edad media de los 97099 atendimientos registrados fue de 43,4 años, 81,5% fueron búsqueda espontánea, 41,2% clasificados como verdes, 15,3% amarillo, 3,7% azul, 3% rojos, y 36,9% no fueron clasificados, 90,2% recibieron alta, 9,4% internaron y 0,4% evolucionaron para óbito. De los pacientes que recibieron alta, 14,7% eran amarillo o rojo, de los internados 13,6% eran verde o azul y de los óbitos 1,8% fueron clasificados como azul o verde. Conclusión: el protocolo de clasificación de riesgo demostró buena sensibilidad para prever situaciones graves que pueden evolucionar para óbito o internación.

Evaluación de la categorización de las urgencias gineco-obstétricas en un hospital del sur de Chile / Evaluation of the categorization of gynecological-obstetric emergencies in a hospital in southern Chile

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar las consultas de urgencias gineco-obstétricas de un Hospital del sur de Chile en el año 2013. MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal retrospectivo. Se analizaron los registros de la urgencia gineco-obstétrica (UGO) durante el primer semestre del 2013 que ascendieron a 4.898 consultas. RESULTADOS: Un 85% (n=4.155) de las consultas atendidas en UGO fueron pacientes que concurrieron directamente desde su domicilio. El 67,9% (n=3.495) de las atenciones en la UGO se otorgaron en horario diurno promediando 815 consultas por mes. Los principales motivos de consulta fueron otras patologías asociadas al embarazo tales como enfermedades respiratorias agudas, transgresión alimentaria, alergias, hiperémesis gravídica, molestias mecánicas (19,5%, n=897), el trabajo de parto y el parto (7,4%, n=342) y la vulvovaginitis (6,5%, n=302). El 65% (n=2.835) del total de las urgencias gineco-obstétricas con datos completos fueron bien categorizadas según el protocolo de priorización del hospital de estudio. Un 96,6% (n=167) de las pacientes no requirió trasladó a un centro hospitalario de mayor complejidad. CONCLUSIONES: Existe una sobre-utilización de la red de urgencia gineco-obstétrica por parte de las usuarias, colapsando el nivel terciario de atención con patologías que podrían ser resueltas en el nivel primario. Desde la matro-nería se debería liderar la instauración de un instrumento específico de TRIAGE gineco-obstétrico, como también la educación a la comunidad sobre uso adecuado de la red asistencial de nuestro país.

OBJETIVE: To characterize obstetric and gynecological consultations at the emergency department of a hospital in southern Chile in 2013. METHODS: Cross-sectional descriptive retrospective study. Obstetric and gynecological emergency department records (OGE) were analyzed during the first half of 2013 which amounted to 4,898. RESULTS: 85% (n=4155) of the consultations assisted at OGE were patients who attended directly from home. 67.9% (n=3,495) of attentions at the OGE were developed in daytime averaging 815 visits per month. The main reasons of consultation were other diseases of pregnancy such as acute respiratory diseases, food transgression, allergies, hyperemesis gravidarum, mechanical discomforts (19.5%, n=897), labor and delivery (7.4%, n=342) and vulvovaginitis (6.5%, n=302). 65% (n=2835) of all gynecological obstetric emergencies with complete data were well categorized according to protocol prioritization studied hospital. A 96.6% of the patients did not require transfer to a high complexity hospital.CONCLUSIONS: There is an over-utilization of the obstetric and gynecological emergency network by users, collapsing the tertiary level of care with diseases that could be resolved at the primary level. The midwifery should lead the creation of a specific instrument TRIAGE obstetrics and gynecology, as well as community education on proper use of the healthcare network in our country.

Sistema Manchester: tempo empregado na classificação de risco e prioridade para atendimento em uma emergência / Sistema Manchester: tiempo que se gasta en la clasificación de riesgo y la prioridad para atención en una emergencia / Manchester System: time spent on risk classification and priority of care at an emergency medical service

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar o tempo que antecede e o tempo empregado na classificação de risco, na prioridade para atendimento e no destino dos pacientes 24 horas após a admissão em uma Emergência. Métodos Coorte retrospectiva que incluiu adultos classificados pelo Sistema Manchester de Classificação de Risco na maior Emergência do sul do país em 2012. Os dados foram disponibilizados em forma de planilha eletrônica e analisados de acordo com suas características e distribuição. Resultados Dos 139.556 atendimentos, metade dos pacientes chegou à classificação no tempo preconizado (7; IQR: 2 - 20 minutos), sendo classificados em dois (IQR: 1 - 3) minutos. As classificações de menor prioridade e as altas hospitalares (88,4%) foram mais frequentes que hospitalizações (11,4%) e óbitos (0,2%). Conclusão O tempo envolvido em atividades que antecedem o primeiro atendimento médico permaneceu dentro do preconizado. A proporção de classificações de menor prioridade e as altas, 24 horas após a classificação, foram elevadas.

RESUMEN Objetivo Evaluar el tiempo que precede y lo que se gasta en la clasificación de riesgo, la Clasificación de Riesgo y los resultados en las 24 horas de los pacientes atendidos en una emergencia. Métodos Estudio retrospectivo de cohortes que incluyó adultos clasificados por el Sistema Manchester de Clasificación de Riesgo ingresados en la más grande Emergencia del sur del país en 2012. Los datos fueron en forma de planillas electrónicas y las variables se analizaron de acuerdo con sus características y distribución. Resultados De las 139.556 atenciones, la mitad de los pacientes llegaron a la calificación de riesgo en el tiempo recomendado (7; IQR: 2-20 minutos) siendo clasificada en dos (IQR: 1-3) minutos. Las calificaciones de riesgo de prioridad más baja y el alta hospitalaria (88,4%) fueron más frecuentes que las hospitalizaciones (11,4%) y muertes (0,2%). Conclusión El tiempo dedicado en actividades que preceden a la primera atención médica quedó dentro del recomendada. Las calificaciones de riesgo de prioridad más baja y las altas hospitalarias fueron altas.

ABSTRACT Objective To assess the time before and time spent on risk classification, priority of care, and destination of patients within 24 hours after their admission to an emergency medical service. Methods Retrospective cohort study that included adults classified by the Manchester Triage System at the largest emergency medical service in the south of the country in 2012. The data were made available in the form of an electronic sheet and analyzed according to their characteristics and distribution. Results Of the 139,556 admissions, half of the patients arrived at classification within the time recommended (7; IQR: 2-20 minutes), and were classified within two (IQR: 1-3) minutes. Lower priority classifications and hospital discharges (88.4%) were more frequent than hospitalizations (11.4%) and deaths (0.2%). Conclusion The time involved in activities that precede the first medical care remained within the recommendation. The proportion of lower priority classifications and hospital discharges within 24 hours after classification was high.

Clinical-Functional Vulnerability Index-20 (IVCF-20): rapid recognition of frail older adults / Índice de Vulnerabilidade Clínico Funcional-20 (IVCF-20): reconhecimento rápido do idoso frágil

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the adequacy of the Clinical-Functional Vulnerability Index-20, a rapid triage instrument to test vulnerability in Brazilian older adults, for the use in primary health care. METHODS The study included convenience sample of 397 patients aged older than or equal to 60 years attended at Centro de Referência para o Idoso (Reference Center for Older Adults) and of 52 older adults the same age attended at the community. The results of the questionnaire, consisting of 20 questions, were compared with those of the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment, considered a reference for identifying frail older adults. Spearman's correlation was evaluated in the Clinical-Functional Vulnerability Index-20 with the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment; the validity was verified by the area under the ROC curve; reliability was estimated by the percentage of agreement among evaluators and by the kappa coefficient, both with quadratic weighted. The cut-off point was obtained based on the higher accuracy criterion. Cronbach's alpha, a measure of internal consistency, was estimated. RESULTS The Spearman's correlation coefficient was high and positive for both groups (0.792 for older adults attended at the Reference Center and 0.305 for older adults from the community [p < 0.001]). The area under the ROC curve for older adults attended at the Reference Center was substantial (0.903). The cut-off point obtained was six, and older adults with scores in Clinical-Functional Vulnerability Index-20 above that value had strong possibility of being frail. For older adults from the community, the quadratic weighted agreement among evaluators was 99.5%, and the global quadratic weighted kappa coefficient was 0.94. Cronbach's alpha was high for older adults attended at the Reference Center (0.861) and those attended at the community (0.740). CONCLUSIONS The Clinical-Functional Vulnerability Index-20 questionnaire, in the sample examined, turned out to be positively correlated with the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment, in addition to the results indicating a high degree of validity and reliability. Thus, the Clinical-Functional Vulnerability Index-20 proves to be viable as a triage instrument in the primary health care that identifies frail older adults (older adults at risk of weakening and frail older adults).

RESUMO OBJETIVO Avaliar a adequação do Índice de Vulnerabilidade Clínico-Funcional-20 , instrumento de triagem rápida de vulnerabilidade em idosos brasileiros, para utilização pela atenção básica. O estudo incluiu amostra de conveniência de 397 pacientes com idade maior ou igual a 60 anos atendidos em um Centro de Referência para o Idoso e de 52 idosos da mesma idade atendidos na comunidade. Os resultados do questionário, constituído por 20 perguntas, foram comparados com aqueles da Avaliação Geriátrica Ampla, considerada referência para identificação do idoso frágil. Foi avaliada a correlação de Spearman do Índice de Vulnerabilidade Clínico-Funcional-20 com a Avaliação Geriátrica Ampla; a validade foi verificada pela área sob a curva ROC; a confiabilidade foi estimada pelo percentual de concordância entre avaliadores e coeficiente kappa, ambos com ponderação quadrática. Obteve-se ponto de corte com base no critério de maior acurácia. O alfa de Cronbach, medida de consistência interna, foi calculado. O coeficiente de correlação de Spearman foi elevado e positivo em ambos os grupos (0,792 para idosos atendidos no Centro de Referência para o Idoso e 0,305 para idosos da comunidade [p < 0,001]). A área sob a curva ROC para idosos atendidos no Centro de Referência para o Idoso foi substancial (0,903). O ponto de corte obtido foi seis e idosos com pontuação no Índice de Vulnerabilidade Clínico-Funcional-20 acima desse valor tinham forte possibilidade de serem frágeis. Para idosos da comunidade, a concordância ponderada quadrática entre avaliadores foi 99,5% e o coeficiente kappa ponderado quadrático global, 0,94. O alfa de Cronbach foi elevado para idosos atendidos no Centro de Referência para o Idoso (0,861) e da comunidade (0,740). CONCLUSÕES O questionário do Índice de Vulnerabilidade Clínico-Funcional-20, na amostra analisada, mostrou ser positivamente correlacionado com a Avaliação Geriátrica Ampla, além de os resultados indicarem alto grau de validade e confiabilidade. Assim, o Índice de Vulnerabilidade Clínico-Funcional-20 se mostra viável como instrumento de rastreio na atenção básica que identifica o idoso com fragilidade (idoso em risco de fragilização e idoso frágil).